The purpose of the Convention is ultimately to promote, protect and ensure full and equal enjoyment of all human rights by persons with disabilities. It includes a number of key areas such as accessibility, personal mobility, education, health, employment, habilitation and rehabilitation, participation in political life, equality and non-discrimination.

With the Convention came a shift in attitudes away from the previous social welfare issue to a human rights issue. This shift acknowledged that attitudes, prejudices and societal barriers are inherently disabling.

Countries that have signed and ratified the Convention show a strong commitment to develop and implement new policies, laws and administrative controls that ensure the rights of people with disability. This commitment also includes abolishing laws, regulations, customs and practices that constitute discrimination.